Insertion device with horizontally moving part

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an insertion device comprising—a penetrating member ( 50 ) connected to transformation means ( 52 ), —a moving part ( 38 ) comprising guiding means ( 39 ) which guiding means ( 39 ) restrict the movement of the transformation means ( 52 ) and guide the penetrating member ( 50 ) from a first to a second position in a first direction, i.e. the direction of insertion, towards the injection site, and—a stationary housing ( 30 ) comprising guiding means ( 32 ) which guiding means ( 32 ) restrict the movement of the moving part ( 38 ). The guiding means ( 32 ) guide the moving part ( 38 ) in a second direction which is linear and different from the first direction i.e. the direction of insertion.

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2009/051974, filed Feb. 19, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/030,022, filed Feb. 20, 2008, Danish Patent Application No. PA 2008 00240, filed Feb. 21, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/095,379, filed Sep. 9, 2008.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns an insertion device for inserting a medical device or a part of medical device into the subcutaneous or intramuscular area of a patient.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An insertion device (also called inserter or injector) is commonly used in the medical field for inserting medical devices, such as infusion sets and the like, through the skin of a patient in a more or less automated fashion.

Commonly, when using an inserter, the user, i.e. the patient or the treatment provider (e.g. nurse, doctor, relative, or the like) has to apply a force towards the surface of the skin of the patient in order to provide injection of the medical device (needle, cannula, sensor, and the like). This can cause physiological or psychological distress and/or discomfort, and may lead to inappropriate application of the medical device. Many people are afraid of sharp objects, such as injection needles and other penetrating devices, commonly used for medical treatment and therapy. This fear is often irrational, and it may hamper an appropriate medical treatment. For example in the case of self-medication, a lack of administration of an appropriate dose of a required medical composition can lead to complications, which may even be life-threatening. When treating diabetes, e.g. in juveniles, there is a risk that the required insulin-dose may not be self-administered due to irrational fear of the insertion needle, combined with a general lack of knowledge and awareness concerning the consequences of omitting the correct application of the device and dosage.

A further known issue with insertion of medical devices is the risk of contamination of the penetrating member before or during application. This can easily lead to the introduction of an infection to a patient, e.g. through a contaminated insertion needle. The longer such a needle is exposed, the higher the risk of accidental contamination, e.g. by touching the needle with a finger, bringing the needle in contact with an unclean surface, or by airborne contamination, aerosol contamination and the like. Depending on the nature of the contamination (e.g. comprising virus, bacteria, fungus, yeast and/or prion) combined with the general health status of the patient, the resulting infection can rapidly turn into a life threatening situation.

Finally, it is well known that contact with an infected, used needle especially in hospital environments can be life-threatening, and the risk of accidental exposure to contaminated material in the form of a used insertion needle must be minimized.

The document WO 2002/002165 discloses a needle device having a needle retraction mechanism retracting the needle upon removing the device from a skin surface. The needle device comprises a penetrating member N connected to transformation means (44), an actuator (40) comprising guiding means restricting the movement of the transformation means and guiding the penetrating member N from a first to a second position in the direction of insertion towards the injection site. Further, the needle device comprises a stationary housing (20) provided with guiding means restricting the movement of the actuator (40). The actuator (40) and the attached needle N move in the same direction namely the direction of insertion. According to the present invention the penetrating part moves relative to the moving part and the moving part is fully separated from the penetrating part after insertion. This makes it possible to push the moving part in one direction with a simple spring mechanism while the penetrating member is guided to the injection site in the insertion direction. Separating the units and the direction optimises the possibility of individual control of each part when it comes to e.g. velocity and acceleration.

Thus, there is an obvious need in the art for a robust, reliable, accurate, safe, hygienic, and user friendly insertion device, which addresses the issues discussed above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The current invention provides an insertion device for subcutaneously introduction of a penetrating member, where a “penetrating member” is understood to be a needle, a cannula, a sensor or the like. The penetrating member is normally prior and during insertion kept in a position where it is not visible to the patient and where it can not get in contact with the user or the patient before it is actually inserted.

The object of the invention is to provide an insertion device comprising

-   -   a penetrating member connected to transformation means,     -   a moving part comprising guiding means which guiding means         restrict the movement of the transformation means and guide the         penetrating member from a first to a second position in a first         direction, i.e. the direction of insertion, towards the         injection site, and     -   a stationary housing comprising guiding means which guiding         means restrict the movement of the moving part, which guiding         means guide the moving part in a second direction which is         linear and different from the first direction i.e. the direction         of insertion.

According to one embodiment the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction but the second direction could be in any angle relative to the first direction, normally in an angle deviating 40-90° from the first direction.

“A stationary housing” means that the housing does not move relative to the insertion site during insertion. Often the contact between the guiding means restricting the movement of the transformation means and the transformation means are “sliding”, this indicates that the contact between guiding means and the unit to be guided is continuous i.e. it is not interrupted but keep in contact with the guiding means at all positions.

According to one embodiment the insertion device comprises guiding means which restricts the movement of the penetrating member to a linear movement in the first direction. These guiding means assures that the penetrating member passes into the patients skin in a direction linear to the insertion direction during insertion, the time period defining “during insertion” is the time period which starts when the part of the penetrating member which is to be inserted into the skin of the patient is just about to penetrate the skin surface at the injection site and ends when the part of the penetrating member which is to be inserted is fully inserted. If the guiding means are not present the linear movement would be assured alone by regulation of the velocity of the penetrating member which is difficult especially when using simple and non-expensive components.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the first direction form an angle β to the surface in which the penetrating member is to be inserted, and where 30°≦β≦90°. The angle β is defined as the direction which the penetrating member moves in from the time just before the penetrating member touches the surface on which it is mounted and until the member is in its final position below the surface. This movement is linear. The penetrating member can be inserted at an inclined angle where β: 30°≦β<85° or 95°<β≦150°; normally an inclined angle will be around 45° i.e. 30°≦β<60° or 120°≦β<150°; or 40°≦β<50° or 130°≦β<140°; where said penetrating angle β is defined as the angle between the direction of penetrating movement of the penetrating member and surface on which it is mounted.

According to this embodiment of the insertion device the angle β can be essentially perpendicular to the surface on which it is mounted. That the penetrating direction is essentially perpendicular to the patients skin surface means that penetrating angle β=90°, normally a small deviation from 90° such as 85°≦β<95° would also be considered perpendicular to the skin surface.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the direction of the moving part during insertion is linear and essentially parallel to the surface on which it is mounted. That the direction is essentially parallel means that the angle between the direction of the moving part and the mounting surface at the insertion position is around 0°. There can be an inclination angle α: −45°<β<45°; wherein a positive inclination angle a indicates a movement inclined towards the skin surface, and a negative inclination angle indicates a movement inclined away from the skin surface. Normally there will be a deviation <10°, i.e. −10°<α<10°, between the surface of the patient's skin and the direction of the moving part. That the direction of the movement of the moving part is linear means that the moving part moves from a first point to a second point along a straight line.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device a further movement of the moving part can provide a retraction movement of said holding means and/or an insertion needle. “A further movement” means that after a first movement i.e. the linear movement has ended at a second point, the forward movement of the moving part can continue to a third point where the forward movement of the moving part is stopped or alternatively the linear movement of the moving part can be reversed or take a second direction.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the insertion part can attached to a base part which base part can be fastened to the surface where the penetrating member is to be inserted and the penetrating member will be brought in contact with the base part upon insertion.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the penetrating member comprises a cannula, a body holding said cannula and retention means securing the body and the cannula at the surface of insertion. The cannula is held unreleasably by the body because the cannula is very small and difficult to handle by itself.

According to this embodiment of the insertion device the retention means can interact with interacting means on the base part upon insertion and retain the body of the penetrating member to the base part.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the guiding means of the moving part comprises a groove in which the transformation means of the penetrating member can slide. The groove can be essentially V- or U-shaped defining a starting point (22 a), a middle point (22 b) and an end point (22 c) for the penetrating member (50) or at least parts of the penetrating member (50). Further the slope of the groove from the starting point to the middle point together with the velocity with which the moving part moves forward defines velocity of insertion. The slope of the groove is defined in relation to a coordinate system where the x-axis is placed horizontally i.e. along the surface on which the base part is placed and in the direction of the line formed by the moving part's forward movement (the moving part moves along the x-axis towards −∞), the y-axis is placed perpendicular to this surface. In such a coordinate system the groove will have a negative slop between the middle point and the starting point and the nominal size of the slope will influence the velocity of the penetrating member during insertion, the steeper the slope the faster the insertion. The slope or the tangent to the slope if the groove is curved i.e. not a straight line will normally be between −1 and −2. Further the slope of the groove from the middle point to the end point together with the velocity with which the moving part (38) moves forward defines velocity of retraction. The groove will have a positive slop between the middle point and the end point and the nominal size of the slope will influence the velocity of the penetrating member during retraction of a separate insertion needle or other parts of the penetrating member, the steeper the slope the faster the retraction. The slope or the tangent to the slope will normally be between 1 and 2.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the moving part can be moved as a consequence of either direct or indirect user input. That means that a user either provides a direct force to the device i.e. the user pushes or pulls the moving part or the user activates a spring or the like which then pushes or pulls the moving part.

According to this embodiment the insertion device moving of the moving part can be initiated by activating an activation part and the activation part is in contact with an energy storing member and influences the state of the energy storing member upon activation. Further the energy storing member can be a spring, and said spring is in a relaxed or partially relaxed state before activation and in a biased or distorted state after actuation of the activation part.

According to this embodiment of the insertion device the energy storing member provides the energy required for moving the moving part from a start position to a stop position.

According to one embodiment of the insertion device the housing can comprise retention means retaining the moving part in a start position, the moving part comprises locking means interacting with the retaining means in the start position and the activation part comprises interaction means interacting with the locking means upon activation. The locking means can be released from a locked position through interaction of the interaction means of the activation part. Further the locking means can have the form of a hook provided with an inclined surface pointing in the direction opposite to the forward movement of the activation part and the retention means can be a part protruding from the housing which can be caught by the hook formed by the locking means.

According to these embodiments the forward movement of the activation part is stopped through contact between the interaction means of the activation part and the retention means for the moving part.

According to one embodiment of the invention the groove is provided with a flexible part (39A) between the starting point (22 a) and the middle point (22 b) which flexible part (39A) can move in a direction opposite the direction of insertion. The flexible part (39A) can have the form of a protruding pivotable part (39A) having

-   -   a contact surface which contact surface during movement is in         contact with the transformation mean (51) of the cannula part         (7) and pushes the cannula part (7) towards the injection site,         and     -   a non-contact surface opposite the contact surface which         non-contact surface can move into an open room without getting         into touch with other parts.

According to this embodiment the contact surface can have the form of two straight lines or flat surfaces connected in an angle n close to the point (D) (see FIG. 18a ) where the cannula part (7) makes contact with the sealing of the surface plate (1), normally 10 degrees<n<45 degrees.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the moving part can be encompassed by the housing.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device a base part can be fastened to the mounting surface and the insertion device can comprise means which means provide fastening of the insertion device to the base part before insertion and non-fastening of the insertion device to the base part upon insertion of the cannula.

According to this embodiment of the insertion device the means providing fastening and releasing of the insertion device from the base part comprise fastening means releasably locking the housing of the insertion device to the base part, and release means releasing the housing from the base part after insertion of the penetrating member. The release means can comprise an elastic member in a biased or distorted state which upon release of the fastening means pushes the housing of the insertion device away from the base part. The elastic member can have the form of a leaf spring which is positioned between the base part and the insertion device; the leaf spring will be distorted when the insertion device is locked to the base part.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the fastening means which releasably lock the housing to the base part can have the form of a hook of a hard material being an integrated part of the housing catching a corresponding part of the base part. That the hook is an integrated part of the housing means that it forms part of the housing i.e. it is unreleasably locked to the housing and e.g. constructed as a part e.g. of a wall of the housing.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the fastening means has the form of one or more protruding parts which protruding parts fit into corresponding openings in the base part. The one or more protruding parts can be removed from the corresponding openings in the base part by a rotating movement and the insertion device is mounted to the base part in such a distance from the surface in which the penetrating member is inserted that the distance allows for a rotating movement of the insertion device. The distance from the surface in which the penetrating member is inserted is obtained by constructing the insertion device with an inclining proximal surface which proximal surface as a result of the rotating movement gets parallel with the surface in which the penetrating member has been inserted.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the fastening means can be flexibly connected to the stationary housing. The moving part can be provided with one or more protruding parts which upon movement of the moving part get in contact with the flexibly connected fastening means and through this contact release the insertion device from the base part.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the insertion device comprises means to perform the following operations upon actuation of an activation part:

-   -   (a) loading of a spring;     -   (b) movement of the moving part from a start position to a stop         position; and     -   (c) transformation of said movement of the moving part to an         insertion movement of a penetrating member, followed by a         retraction movement of a holding means of the penetrating         member.

This embodiment can further comprise means which can:

-   -   (d) release the housing from the base plate upon insertion of         the penetrating member.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the housing can be connected to the base plate via connection means. The connection means can comprise at least one hinge and at least one locking member.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the housing can be released from the base plate by interaction of a releasing member with a part of a sidewall of the housing. Said part of a sidewall of the housing can be flexible, and can be twisted (pivoted) in relation to the remaining housing.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the penetrating member has a first position (i), and a second position (ii) relative to the stationary housing, where the penetrating member in the first position (i) is fully retracted and does not protrude from the housing of the insertion device; and in the second position (ii), a part of the penetrating member such as the cannula and/or insertion needle protrude maximally from the housing (30). The first retracted position is the position of the penetrating member before insertion and the second maximally protruding position is the position of the penetrating member just as the penetrating member has been fully inserted. The penetrating member can have a further third position (iii), where the cannula protrudes maximally from the housing, and the holding means and/or insertion needle are retracted into the housing and are no longer in contact with the body holding the cannula.

According to these embodiments of the insertion device the body of the penetrating member in the second position (ii) and in the third position (iii), is retained through interaction of said retention means of the body with interacting means on a base part.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the moving part can have a first position (i*), a second position (ii*), and optionally a third position (iii*) in relation to the housing and in the first position (i*) and the optionally third position (i*) the guiding means via the transformation means hold the holding means in a position retracted from the patients skin and in the second position (ii*) the guiding means hold the holding means in a position close to or in contact with the patient.

According to this embodiment of the insertion device the moving part is held in the first position (i*) by retention means unreleasably fastened to the housing, locking means unreleasably fastened to the moving part and interaction means unreleasably fastened to the activation part.

According to a further embodiment of the insertion device the kit further comprises a base part to which base part the insertion device is fastened at least before insertion and a delivery part which can be fastened to the base part and form a fluid path to a penetrating member inserted by the insertion device.

Definitions

“Parallel” or “essentially parallel” as used herein refers to a second movement in a direction, plane, item or the like defined in relation to a first or a reference plane or direction which reference plane or direction has a direction defined as the angle α=0°; and the second plane or direction deviates at maximum ±10°; normally not more than ±5° from the first or reference direction α.

In the context of the application “horizontal” or “essentially horizontal” means that a movement in a direction, a direction, plane, item or the like is horizontal or essentially horizontal is parallel or essentially parallel to the surface of the skin of a patient as defined above. For example, the base part to which the insertion device is fastened can be horizontal, or essentially horizontal, parallel or essentially parallel to the skin.

“Perpendicular” or “essentially perpendicular” as used herein refers to a second movement in a direction, a direction, plane, item or the like defined in relation to a reference plane or direction which reference plane or direction has a position or a direction in the angle β=0°; and the second plane or direction deviates between 80-100°; normally between 85-95° from the first reference β.

In the context of the application “Transversal” or “essentially transversal” can be used interchangeably with perpendicular or essentially perpendicular as defined above.

“Means”: As used herein, the expression means can comprise one or more means. This is irrespective, if with respect to grammar, the verb relating to said means indicates singular or plural.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed description of embodiments of the current invention will be made with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein like numerals designate corresponding parts in different figures.

FIGS. 1A-C show a cross section of a first embodiment of an insertion device according to the invention in three states: A: before activation; B: just after insertion; C: after retraction of insertion needle.

FIGS. 2A-F show a cross section of a second embodiment of an insertion device in six states. A: before activation; B: after activation, C: just after insertion, D: after retraction of insertion needle, E: after release of inserter housing and F: after removal of insertion device from base part.

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of an assembly comprising an insertion device according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of an assembly comprising an insertion device according to the invention.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show the second embodiment of the assembly, in FIG. 5A the insertion device is mounted on the base part and in FIG. 5B the insertion device has been removed from the base part.

FIG. 6 shows second embodiment of the assembly without the insertion device and having the delivery part separated from the base part A: seen from below; B: seen from above; C: seen from above and showing the connection part of the base part and D: showing the base part alone seen from above.

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal cut through an assembly as shown in FIG. 3-6, the cut is placed at the position of one of the fastening means for the insertion device.

FIG. 8 shows the insertion device without being attached to the base part.

FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of an inserter to be used with the assembly in a state before insertion of a cannula part.

FIG. 10 shows the same embodiment of an inserter as FIG. 9 after insertion of a cannula part.

FIGS. 11A-C show how the embodiment of the inserter shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are being detached from a base part of an assembly according to the invention.

FIGS. 12A and 12B show an embodiment of a moving part to be used with an assembly as shown in FIG. 9-11.

FIGS. 13A and 13B show a fourth embodiment of an inserter to be used with the assembly in a state after insertion of a cannula part.

FIGS. 14A and 14B show the internal parts of the inserter housing of the fourth embodiment of the inserter.

FIGS. 15A and 15B show an embodiment of a moving part to be used with an assembly as shown in FIG. 13-14.

FIG. 16 shows one embodiment of a penetrating member which can be used with the assembly.

FIG. 17 shows a cut-through view of a second embodiment of a penetrating member which can be used with the assembly.

FIG. 18a shows an embodiment of a moving part having an increased tolerance. FIG. 18b shows how the moving part 38 is viewed in FIG. 18 a.

FIG. 19 shows a driving mechanism comprising a flat spring which can be used to drive the moving part forward in any of the illustrated embodiments of the inserter

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1A-1C shows one embodiment of an insertion device 1 for inserting a penetrating member 50 according to the present invention.

The insertion device 1 comprises a housing 30, a base part 100, a moving part 38 and a penetrating member 50. For clarity, the moving part 38 is represented in a semi-transparent fashion. The FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C show the penetrating member 50 in three different positions relative to the moving part 38.

The penetrating member 50 comprises holding means 52 holding the penetrating member 50, transformation means 51 attached to the holding means 52 of the penetrating member 50, a body 24, a cannula 22, and an insertion needle 53. The cannula 22 is according to this embodiment a soft cannula which needs to be inserted with the help of an insertion needle 53 which is attached unreleasably to a part of the insertion device and not to the penetrating member 50. The cannula 22 is attached unreleasably to the body 24. Furthermore, the body 24 comprises retention means 23 for fastening of the cannula 22 to the base part 100 when the cannula 22 has been fully inserted. According to this embodiment the retention means 23 are formed as mechanical hooks which can be forced inward i.e. toward the centre where the cannula 22 is positioned. As the mechanical hooks are fastened to the body 24 in a flexible way the hooks will return to their original position after having been forced towards the centre, the flexibility will normally be due to the properties of the material used to produce the body, the hooks and the connection formed between them.

In another embodiment of the invention, the penetrating member 50 comprises a sensor or both a sensor and a cannula. In a further embodiment of the invention, the penetrating member 50 comprises more than one cannula 22 e.g. a plurality of cannula and/or a plurality of sensors.

The housing 30 comprises guiding means 32 for the moving part 38 and guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50. The guiding means 32 for the moving part 38 according to this embodiment comprises surfaces of the inner walls of the housing 30 along which the moving part 38 can slide and the guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 comprises an upright tube-like shape. The moving part 38 is provided with transformation means in the form of a V-shaped opening which is form to fit closely with the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50. The housing 30 is releasably connected to the base part 100, and can be disconnected from the base part 100 after the penetrating member 50 has been inserted. When connected, the housing 30 and the base part 100 encloses the penetrating member 50, the moving part 38, and the guiding means 32, 33 for the moving part 38 and the penetrating member 50, respectively thereby providing a unit.

The base part 100 comprises an opening 101, which is dimensioned to allow passage or entering of the penetrating member 50 or at least a part of it, such as the cannula 22, the injection needle 53 and the retention means 23.

The base part 100 and the housing 30 are normally individual elements, which elements can be separated in a reversible or an irreversible fashion. According to the present embodiment the opening 101 comprises interaction means 102, adapted to interact with the retention means 23 of the body of the penetrating member 50. The opening 101 can be closed and/or protected by a seal 121 which seal 121 is either removable or can be penetrated by the penetrating member 50. The seal 121 can cover a large area of the base part 100 and if the base part 100 is partly constituted by a mounting pad with an adhesive surface the seal 121 can be a release layer protecting the adhesive surface before use.

The guiding means 32 for the moving part 38 provides a directional controlled movement of the moving part 38 essentially within the housing 30. In the depicted embodiment the moving part 38 can move essentially parallel, i.e. essentially horizontal relative to the base part 100, guided by the guiding means 32. Such a movement can be characterised as a sliding movement.

The movement performed by the moving part 38 is a longitudinal movement, i.e. a linear movement relative to the housing 30. The means used to initiate and maintain the movement of the moving part 38 can either be provided directly by the user i.e. the user pushes or pulls the moving part 38 or it can be provided by mechanical means such as a spring which only has to be activated by the user

The guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 which are a part of or connected to the moving part 38 provide a movement of the penetrating member 50 in a direction different from the direction of movement of the moving part 38. This feature has at least two advantages: 1. the user's actions when activating or pushing the moving part 38 is less likely to influence the actual insertion of the penetrating member 50, and 2. the insertion device can be constructed in a smaller and more compact manner.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1 the direction of movement of the penetrating member 50 is essentially perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the moving part 38. The guiding means 33 for the penetrating member can comprise one or more parts which together provides a well defined track or tube along or in which the penetrating member can slide e.g. the guiding means 33 may comprise a hollow, cylindrical element fastened to the housing 30, the penetrating member 50 can move inside the cylindrical element along the longitudinal axis of said cylindrical element, comparable to the movement of a piston in a cylinder. Such a movement can be described as a sliding movement as the contact between the inner surfaces of the cylindrical element and the outer surfaces of the penetrating member 50 provides the guiding. Alternatively, the guiding means 33 of the penetrating member 50 can comprise one or more bars, governing the direction of movement of the penetrating member 50. As seen in FIG. 1, the guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 according to this embodiment extend from the inner ceiling of the housing to the base part 100. The guiding means 33 of the penetrating member 50 is not necessarily attached to the base part 100. The guiding means 33 normally e.g. rest against and/or touch and/or are connected with the base part 100. In the depicted embodiment, the guiding means 33 of the penetrating member 50 is connected to the housing 30 at the inside of the upper surface (“ceiling”), and at one or more side (“wall”) of the housing 30.

The guiding means 39 or the transformation means of the moving part 38 for the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50 defines a track. This track extends from a starting point 22 a to a middle point 22 b and ends at an end point 22 c. As seen in FIG. 1, this track is V-shaped, or essentially V-shaped. In the depicted embodiment, the guiding means 39 of the moving part 38 are provided as a continuous grove or through going opening within the moving part 38. The middle point 22 b is closer to the base part 100 than the starting point 22 a, and also closer to the base part 100 than the end point 22 c, also, the starting point 22 a is closer to the base part 100 than the end point 22 c.

It is not essential how the starting point 22 a and the end point 22 c varies relative to each other, i.e. it would be possible to have an embodiment where the end point 22 c is closer to base part 100 than start point 22 a or an embodiment where the starting point 22 a and the end point 22 c have the same distance to the base part 100. It should though be assured that the starting point 22 a is placed in a distance from the base part which is far enough to keep the end of the cannula 22 and the end of a separate insertion needle 53 inside the housing 30 before insertion.

According to the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 1A-1C, the insertion device 1 is adapted to provide:

-   -   (i) a first state (FIG. 1A), where the penetrating member 50 is         in the starting position 22 a, it is fully retracted and does         not protrude from the housing 30 of the insertion device 1, the         moving part 38 is in a start position in the right side of the         housing 30;     -   (ii) a second state (FIG. 1B), where the penetrating member 50         is in the middle point 22 b, the part(s) of the penetrating         member 50 which are to be inserted, such as the cannula 22         and/or an insertion needle 53, fully protrude the housing 30         through the opening 101 in the base part 100, and the moving         part 38 has been moved forward to a middle position relative to         the housing 30. The stationary guiding means 33 of the         penetrating member 50 prevent the penetrating member 50 from         moving in the same direction as the moving part 38 and only         allows a “vertical” movement of the penetrating member 50 i.e.         vertical is here to be understood as being perpendicular to         “horizontal”; and     -   (iii) a third position (FIG. 1C), where the part(s) of the         penetrating member 50 to be inserted still protrude the housing         30, but the transformation means 51 together with the holding         means 52 and the insertion needle 53 are at the end point 22 c         and the insertion needle has been retracted from the injection         site. The moving part 38 has reached the end of its travel to         the left in the stationary housing. In the second position (ii)         and in the third position (iii), the body 24 of the penetrating         member 50 is retained through interaction between the retention         means 23 of the body 24 of the penetrating member 50 and the         interacting means 102 of the base part 100.

As shown, the horizontally forward movement of the moving part 38 is transformed into an insertion movement of the penetrating member 50 followed by a retraction movement of one or more parts of the penetrating member 50. This is achieved by the interaction of the guiding means 39 of the moving part 38 with the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50.

In the first position (i), the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50 are at the starting point 22 a of the track/guiding means 39. When the moving part 38 is moved horizontally guided by its guiding means 32, the penetrating member 50 is moved downwards, i.e. “vertically” towards the base part 100. The speed of the movement of the moving part 38 and the slope of the guiding means 39 define the speed of the movement of the penetrating member 50, thus the speed of insertion i.e. the steeper the slope of the guiding means 39 are, the shorter time will be used to guide the penetrating member 50 from the retracted start position to the inserted position.

In the second position (ii), the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50 have reached the middle point 22 b of the guiding means 39. At this point the direction of the slope of the guiding means 39 changes from downwards, i.e. towards the base part 100, to upwards, i.e. away from the base part 100. Thus the orientation of the slope of the guiding means 39 defines the direction of movement of the penetrating member 50. Further the forward horizontal movement of the moving part 38 produces a retraction movement of the holding means 52 of the penetrating member 50 and the insertion needle 53. If the cannula 22 is a hard self penetrating cannula there will be no need of a separate insertion needle 53 and also there will be no need to perform the last retraction part of the movement i.e. the last line of the V in the track 39 could be left out and the middle point 22 b would be identical to the end point 22 c.

In the third position (iii), the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member 50 have reached the end point 22 c of the guiding means 39, and the holding means 52 of penetrating member 50 and the insertion needle 53 are fully retracted.

As seen in FIG. 1, the moving part 38 does not protrude the housing 30. The arrow above the figure indicates the direction of movement of the moving part 38.

FIG. 2A-2F illustrates attachments means with an automatic release function. The insertion device 1 comprises a housing 30, a base part 100, a moving part 38, an activation part 11, and a penetrating member 50. One embodiment of a penetrating member 50 is shown in these figures but a penetrating member 50 similar to the penetrating members described in FIG. 16-17 might also be used. For illustrative purposes means the moving part 38 are represented in a semi-transparent fashion.

The housing 30 comprises guiding means 32 for the moving part 38 which allows the moving part 38 to move between at least two positions, guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 which allows the penetrating member 50 to move between at least two positions, and guiding means 34 for the activation part 11 which allows the activation part to move between at least two positions. The housing 30 is attached to the base part 100. According to this embodiment the attachment is releasable. The attachment is provided by parts of the housing 30 comprising a hinge 35 and fastening means 14 interacting with parts of the base part 100, whereby the housing 30 and the base part 100 are releasably connected. The hinge 35 comprises an at least partly rounded surface of a wall of the housing 30 which can pivot in relation to the base part 100 as it is placed in a groove in the base part 100. The fastening means 14 of the housing 30 interacts with locking means 108 of the base part 100.

The letter “b” in FIG. 2C indicates the height of the housing 30 of the insertion device 1. The height “b” will expediently be in the range of 5-100 mm, and normally in the range 10-50 mm or more specifically 20-30 mm. The illustrated embodiment is 25 mm. In embodiments where the inserter is not removed after inserted the inserter should be as low as possible and normally not extend further from the patients skin than the delivery part 8.

The housing 30 also comprises retention means 31. The retention means 31 hold the moving part 38 in a start position by engaging with locking means 28 on the moving part 38. According to this embodiment the retention means further provides a stop for the movement of the activation part 11.

The guiding means 32 for the moving part 38 provides a directional controlled movement of the moving part 38 in relation to the housing 30. The guiding means 32 are attached to or connected to or an integrated part of the inner surfaces of the housing 30 and will normally have the shape of longitudinal tracks corresponding to surfaces on the moving part 38 in order to make it possible for the moving part 38 to slide along the tracks. In the depicted embodiment, the moving part 38 can move parallel, i.e. horizontal to the base part 100, guided by the guiding means 32, the movement will normally be a sliding movement in a direction parallel to the surface of the base part 100, i.e. the movement is a longitudinal movement or a linear movement.

The guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 which are a part of or connected to or integrated with the housing 30 provides that the penetrating member 50 can only be moved in a well defined direction which direction is different from the direction of the moving member 38. In the embodiment the direction of movement of the penetrating member 50 is essentially perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the moving part 38. The guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 will normally be formed by inner surfaces of the housing 30, e.g. the guiding means 33 may comprise the inner surfaces of a hollow, cylindrical element wherein the penetrating member 50 can move between at least a forward and a retracted position along the longitudinal axis of said cylindrical element, comparable to the movement of a piston in a cylinder. If the penetrating member 50 has a rectangular cross-section the “cylindrical” element should of course be adapted to fit closely to the cross-section of the actually used penetrating member 50. Such a movement will be a sliding movement as the continuous contact between the inner surfaces of the cylindrical elements and the outer surfaces of the penetrating member 50 provides the guiding. Alternatively, the guiding means 33 of the penetrating member 50 can comprise one or more bars, governing the direction of movement of the penetrating member 50. As seen from the figures the guiding means 33 for the penetrating member 50 according to this embodiment can extend from the inner ceiling of the housing to the bottom part 100. The guiding means 33 of the penetrating member 50 are not attached to the base part 100 but might reach down and touch it or e.g. provide a support for the base part 100.

The guiding means 34 of the activation part 11 provides a directional controlled movement of the activation part 11 in relation to the housing 30. The guiding means 34 are attached to or integrated with the housing 30. In the depicted embodiment, the activation part 11 moves in parallel with, i.e. horizontal to the base part 100, guided by the guiding means 34 which according to this embodiment is provided as parts of the inner surfaces of the housing. The guiding means 34 might be formed as longitudinal tracks leading the activation part 11 in a well defined direction or simply the inner surfaces of the walls of the housing 30. Such a movement is normally a sliding movement as the guiding means 34 and the activation means are in continuous contact while moving in relation to each other. The movement will normally be a linear movement. The direction of movement of the activation part 11 is according to this embodiment identical to the direction of movement of the moving part 38 therefore the guiding means 34 of the activation part 11 can be the same as the guiding means 32 of the moving part 38 i.e. on set of guiding means 32, 34 provides the well defined and at least partly simultaneous movement of the moving part 38 and the activation part 11.

The moving part 38 is provided with transformation means 39 providing transformation of the movement of the moving part 38, which according to this embodiment is horizontal, into a movement of the penetrating member 50 in the insertion direction followed by a movement of at least the insertion needle of the penetrating member 50 in a direction of retraction. According to this embodiment the transformation means are in the form of a protruding cylindrical part 51 on the penetrating member 50 corresponding to an open V-shaped track 39 in the moving part 38. The V-shaped track 39 is sized to fit closely with the protruding part 51 of the penetrating member 50 in order to provide a well defined path of movement.

The moving part 38 comprises a releasing member 29 providing a separation of the housing 30, or at least a part of the housing 30, from the base part 100 by releasing the fastening means 14 of the housing from the locking means 108 of the base part 100. Said release is provided by interaction of the releasing member 29 with a part of the housing 30, according to this embodiment it is the inner wall of the housing 30 opposite the activation means 11 where the linear movement of the activation means 11 would end if continued to the inner wall of the housing 30.

The housing comprises an elastic member 36 which upon release of the fastening means 14 of the housing initiates removal of the housing 30 from the base part 100. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the elastic member 36 is an integrated part of the housing 30 i.e. it is fastened unreleasably to the housing 30. The elastic member 36 is a leaf spring unreleasably fastened to the housing 30 at one end and pressed against the base part 100 at the opposite end. The flexibility of the elastic member 36 is defined by the material of which it is constructed and the physical dimensions of the material, according to the present embodiment the elastic member is constructed of the same material as the housing i.e. a hard plastic and normally formed during molding of the housing 30, but it could also be constructed of a metal which after molding of the housing is fastened unreleasably to the housing 30.

Insertion of the penetrating member 50 using the insertion device according to the invention 1 is initiated by activation of the activation part 11. The activation part 11 is activated by pushing the part towards the housing 30. The activation part 11 comprises interaction means 41. The interaction means 41 interacts with the retention means 31 of the housing 30, thereby arresting the forward movement of the activation part 11. As can be seen in FIG. 2A, the activation part 11 protrudes the housing 30 in the depicted, non-activated state. The letter “a” indicates the length of protrusion of the activation part 11 with respect to the housing 30. The protrusion before activation of the activation part 11 will normally be in the range of 1-100 mm, or 5-50 mm, or 10-25 mm, or 15-20 mm. In the shown embodiment the protrusion is 17 mm. In another embodiment of the invention, the activation part 11 does not protrude the housing 30, or protrudes the housing 30 only marginally.

The insertion device 1 is in a non-activated state before use, such as during transport or storage.

According to this embodiment a spring 45 is provided between the moving part 38 and the activation part 11. Normally the spring 45 will be in a relaxed state during storing as this will normally prolong the time the product can be stored while still being fully functional, if the spring 45 is in a biased state during storing there is a risk that the performance of the product will rapidly decrease. As illustrated in FIG. 2A-F the spring 45 can be a spiral spring, comprising two ends: a first end 46, attached to, or placed in connection with the moving part 38 and a second end 47 attached to, or placed in connection with the activation part 11. The spring 45 is positioned along the direction of movement for the activation part 11 which is being parallel to the upper surface of the base part 100.

A function of the spring 45 is to provide energy for the penetration and/or retraction movement of the penetrating member 50 and/or parts of the penetrating member 50. If this energy is not provided by a spring 45 it has to be directly provided by the user of the device as the user provides a horizontal movement of the activation part 11 by pushing the activation part 11 towards the housing 30 and thereby a horizontal movement of the moving part 38.

The spring 45 of the illustrated embodiment stores energy from the movement of the actuation of the of the activation part 11 as the spring 45 is biased through this first movement. During actuation of the activation part 11 the moving part 38 is stationary. When the interaction means 41 of the activation part 11 gets into contact with the locking means 28, the moving part 38 is released from the stationary position and moved in a direction defined by the guiding means 32. The forward movement of the activation part 11 is stopped at the time where the interaction means 41 touches the retention means 31 of the housing 30. According to the embodiment of FIG. 2 the direction of the moving part 38 is the same as the forward direction of the activation part 11. When the moving part 38 pushed by the spring 45 hits the inner surface of the housing 30, the spring 45 is biased enough to provide energy for the release of the releasable connection between the fastening means 14 of the housing 30 and the locking means 108 of the base part 100. This is provided by making the wall or at least a part of the wall of the housing 30 so flexible that the wall can be bend outward and release the fastening means 14 from the locking means 108 of the base part 100. When the locking connection is released the elastic member 36 pushes the housing 30 away from the base part 100 and the user will not need pull the insertion device away from the base part 100.

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of an assembly comprising an inserter according to the invention together with a medication unit 8. Only the side of the base part 100 can be seen as the whole of the upper surface of the base part 100 is covered by the medication unit 8. The medication unit 8 will normally comprise both a reservoir for medication such as insulin and delivering parts in the form of pumping means and e.g. dosing means which can see to that the patient has a prescribed dose of medication.

The FIGS. 4 and 5A and B show a second embodiment of an assembly comprising an inserter 10 according to the invention, a delivery part 8 and a base part. The base part comprises a surface plate 1 attached to a contact surface. The surface plate 1 is in this embodiment constructed of a molded plastic material and the contact surface is the proximal side of a mounting pad 2 which mounting pad 2 is unreleasably fastened to the surface plate 1 during manufacturing of the device. “Proximal” means the side or surface closest to the patient when the mounting pad is adhered to the patient, “distal” means the end or surface furthest away from the patient when the device is in a position of use.

FIG. 4 shows the embodiment of the assembly seen from the side and FIG. 5 shows the same embodiment seen from above. The penetrating member of this embodiment is comprised in a cannula part 7 which is inserted into an opening 12A of a connector part 3 of the base part, this cannula opening 12A provides and opening which extends right through the base part. The cannula part 7 is provided with a penetrating member in the form of a cannula 22 which will penetrate the surface of the skin of the patient during the insertion and be positioned sub- or transcutaneously.

The inserter 10 holds the cannula part 7 before insertion and the insertion is initiated by pushing a handle 11. FIG. 5 shows the direction the handle 11 has to be pushed in order to initiate insertion of the cannula part 7. After insertion a not shown insertion needle can be retracted to the inside of the inserter 10, afterwards the inserter 10 can be removed from the base part, leaving an inserted cannula 22 fastened to the surface plate 1. If the cannula 22 of the cannula part 7 is a hard self penetrating cannula there will be no separate insertion needle and therefore no need to retract the insertion needle.

The connector part 3 is kept in position by the surface plate 1. According to one embodiment the surface plate 1 and at least an outer cover of the connector part 3 is simply molded in one piece during manufacturing of the device. The connector part 3 forms a fluid path between e.g. a reservoir 6 of medication or a reservoir for liquid collected from the patient and a cannula part 7. Therefore the connector part 3 is provided with at least two openings, one opening at each end of the fluid path where the first opening 13 is an inlet or outlet opening receiving or delivering fluid to a reservoir 6 and the second opening 12 is an inlet or outlet opening receiving or delivering fluid to a cannula part 7 (see FIG. 6C-D). The connection part 3 might be provided with extra openings e.g. for injection of a second medication or nutrient or for letting the fluid in the fluid path get in contact with a sensor. In order to secure a fluid tight connection between the outlet opening 12 in the connection part 3 and the cannula part 7 the outlet opening 12 of the connection part 3 is provided with an elastic sealing 18 around the outlet opening 12. When the cannula part 7 is inserted it will be press fitted into the cannula opening 12 and the elastic sealing 18 will provide a completely fluid tight gasket around the corresponding openings 12 and 20. In order to improved the press-fitting and thereby the fluid tight connection between the cannula part 7 and the outlet of the fluid path, the cannula opening 12A can be provided with a decreasing cross-section in a plane parallel to the cannula 22 when inserted and perpendicular to the surface where the outlet of the fluid path is positioned. The cannula part 7 will have a corresponding decreasing cross-section.

In the following the first opening 13 will be referred to as “inlet” and the second opening 12 will be referred to as “outlet” although the direction of the flow through the fluid path is not significant for the invention.

The connection part 3 is further provided with a cannula opening 12A which accurately fits around a cannula part 7 i.e. the cannula opening 12A has the same shape or profile as the cannula part 7 and is just big enough to let the cannula part 7 pass through and then fit into the opening. When the cannula part 7 is fully inserted into the base part and the patient, then the upper surface i.e. the distal surface of the cannula part 7 is normally at level with or at a lower level than the outer surface of the connection part 3 surrounding the cannula opening 12A. When the cannula part 7 has been fully inserted into the connection part 3, then an opening 20 in a side surface of the body of the cannula part 7 corresponds to the opening 12 of the fluid path of the connection part 3 and fluid can flow from one part to the other.

FIG. 5B shows the embodiment of FIG. 5A where the inserter has been removed. FIG. 5B shows the device from the end which was covered by the inserter 10 before it was removed. From this end it is possible to see a part of the fastening means 14 which assure attachment of the inserter 10 to the base part before insertion. According to this embodiment the fastening means 14 comprise two openings 14L and 14R in the connector part 3. These openings correspond to two protruding parts 14PL and 14PR (see FIGS. 7 and 8) which protrude from the side of the inserter housing turned towards the base part and the connector part 3 with the corresponding opening. When the fastening means 14L and 14R on the base part is engaged with the corresponding fastening means 14PL and 14PR on the inserter 10, the inserter 10 is prevented from moving in relation to the base part, at least in the direction perpendicular to the surface plate 1. After insertion of the penetrating member where the penetrating member has been fully inserted into the base part, the inserter 10 can be removed or detached from the base part. When detaching the inserter 10 from the base part, the inserter 10 is moved in a direction horizontal to the patients skin i.e. the base part is not subjected to a force perpendicular to the patients skin i.e. a force pulling the base part away from the patient. Alternatively it would be possible to e.g. glue the inserter to the delivery part 8 before insertion along adjoining surfaces between the inserter 10 and the delivery part 8 which surfaces should be essentially perpendicular to the patient's skin in order to create a pull in a direction parallel to the patients skin when the inserter 10 is removed from the delivery part 8.

FIGS. 6A-D show the base part and the delivery part in a separated position from different angles. In FIG. 6A the two parts are shown from below. This view shows an opening 12B through which the penetrating member 7 can be inserted through the base part and through which opening 12B the cannula 22 extends. From this view it is possible to see how the reservoir 6 can be positioned in the delivery part 8 and to see how two opposite positioned release handles 9 are placed at the edge of the delivery part 8. Further a longitudinal track corresponding to longitudinal raised guiding means 4 on the base part can be seen.

The two release handles 9 are formed as s-shaped bands where one end is fastened hinge-like to the housing of the delivery part 8 and the first curve in the s-shape is slightly extending the outer surface of the housing of the delivery part whereas the second curve is free i.e. not attached to the housing of the delivery part 8 and is provided with a hook-like shape which can fold around a part 15 protruding from the distal surface of the base part. When the delivery part is locked to the base part both release handles 9 are folded round a protruding part 15, when the delivery part 8 is to be removed from the base part, the two opposite release handles 9 are pushed together whereby the hook-like parts of the release handles 9 are released from the protruding parts 15 of the base part, and the delivery part can be moved backwards i.e. in the direction away from the cannula part 7 and removed from the base part in this direction.

In FIG. 6B the two parts are shown from above. This view shows how the delivery part 8 of this embodiment can be joined to the base part by pushing the delivery part 8 down toward the guiding means 4 which in this case is a longitudinal raised platform having e.g. a metal lining 5 fastened to the top surface. The delivery part 8 is provided with corresponding means e.g. comprising a track corresponding to the raised platform 4. The corresponding means of the delivery part 8 can slide along the metal lining 5 of the raised platform 4 in the longitudinal direction. When the delivery part 8 arrives at its working position, the two release handles 9 engage respectively with the two protruding parts 15 protruding from the upper surface of the surface plate 1. When the delivery part 8 is in its working position it is locked in all horizontal directions by the release handles 9. The locking mechanisms make it possible to fasten and release the delivery device from the base part as often as needed i.e. a single-use base part can be combined with a multi-use delivery part.

In FIG. 6C the two parts are shown from the end opposite of where the inserter was fastened before insertion of the penetrating member. From this side it is possible to see the inlet opening 13 in the connection part 3 through which e.g. medication from the reservoir 6 can enter, the inlet opening 13 is protected with a membrane to prevent contamination with microorganisms. According to one embodiment the connection part 3 is provided with both a connector needle (not shown as it is placed behind the bubble shaped membrane) and a bubble shaped self closing membrane 17 and the reservoir 6 can be provided with a bubble shaped self closing membrane. Hereby a fluid path is established providing transfer of medication e.g. insulin or nutrients from the reservoir to the connector part 3. As both parts are provided with self closing membranes it will be possible to separate the two units from each other and rejoin them at a later time without the connection part 3 and thereby the patient being contaminated.

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal cut through an assembly as shown in FIG. 4-6. From this view it is possible to the how the fastening means 14 of respectively the connector part 3 of the base part and the inserter 10 are joined together.

FIG. 8 shows the inserter 10 removed from the rest of the assembly. From this side it is possible to see the fastening means 14PR and 14PL of the inserter.

FIGS. 9-11 show a third embodiment of an inserter, in FIGS. 9 and 10 the inserter is shown separated from the rest of the assembly. The inserter 10 comprises like the first and second embodiment of the inserter an actuator handle 11 which in FIG. 9 is shown in a pre-insertion state and in FIG. 10 is shown in an after-insertion state. The third embodiment of the inserter is provided with a moving part 38 as shown in FIG. 12 and this moving part is provided with a protruding member 38A which is an integrated part of the moving part 38. The moving part 38 is shown two different views in FIGS. 12A and 12B. That it is “an integrated part” means that it moves simultaneously with the moving part and is positioned stationary in relation to the moving part. Normally it will be molded together with the moving part and be of the same material, but it can also be made of a different material and attached to the moving part 38 after the moving part 38 has been produced.

The protruding part 38A on the moving part 38 is provided with a ramp. The ramp is an inclined surface placed on the forward side of the protruding part 38A in such a way that the front profile of the protruding part 38A forms an arrowhead.

The fastening means of this embodiment comprises a hinged part 14 which in this embodiment is fastened to the housing of the inserter 10, the hinged part could alternatively be fastened to an internal part of the inserter e.g. the same part as the protruding parts 14PL and 14PR is fastened to. In the shown embodiment the hinged part 14 is actually made as a part of the housing as the hinged part 14 is created by making two cuts in the full height of the housing. The housing is normally made of a hard, molded plastic such as polypropylene and the relatively long shape of the hinged part 14 makes it very flexible i.e. the hinged part 14 is very pliant and it will be easy to push it outward from the relaxed position, the inward movement is blocked by the presence of the guiding means 33 for the penetrating member which in this embodiment is a cannula part 7. The hinged part 14 can also be made of a material which is different from the material of the housing of the inserter e.g. metal which are then attached to the housing in a rotatable manner.

The hinged part 14 is provided with two inward hooks (“inward” means that the hooks point toward the inside of the housing) at the lower or proximal end of the hinged part 14 and the two hooks lock the housing to the base part by catching a stationary protruding part 14B of the base part. As the two hooks are turned inward they are released from their locked position by being pushed outward i.e.

away from the centre of the housing. The hinged part 14 is also provided with a contact member 14A having the form of a rounded plate of a rigid material placed inwards from the hinged part 14 around the guiding means 33 for the cannula part 7. When the moving part 38 moves from its start position to its end position the protruding member 38A which is placed on the trailing edge of the moving part 38 will hit the contact member 14A with the ramp surface and the contact member 14A will be forced outward and so will the hinged part 14 as the contact member 14A is attached unreleasably and rigidly to the hinged part 14.

The housing of the inserter also comprises two protruding parts having the form of rounded hooks 14PL and 14PR on the inside surface of the wall opposite the inward hooks of the hinged part 14. These protruding parts 14PL and 14PR fits into corresponding openings 14L and 14R of the base part close to the connector part 3. The openings in the base part are shown in FIG. 16A. When the fastening means in the form of the openings 14L and 14R on the base part is engaged with the corresponding fastening means in the form of the rounded hooks 14PL and 14PR on the inserter 10, the inserter 10 is prevented from moving in relation to the base part, both in the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the base part as the protruding parts are rounded and form a grip around the opening, and also in the direction perpendicular to the surface plate 1 due to the insertion of the protruding part into the opening. After having fully inserted the penetrating member (FIG. 10), the inserter 10 can be removed or detached from the base part.

In order to detach the inserter 10 from the base part, the inserter 10 is pivoted around an axis provided along the upper surface of the openings 14L and 14R. The upper (distal) surface of the openings 14L and 14R provide a contact surface for the rounded hooks 14PL and 14PR along which contact surface the downward contact surface of the rounded hooks 14PL and 14PR can slide and thereby be forced out of the openings 14L and 14R when subjecting the inserter housing 30 to a rotational movement. After insertion the base part comprising the surface plate 1 and the inserted part 7 is completely stationary in relation to the surface in which the cannula or sensor has been inserted and the rotational movement is only provided by the inserter 10.

The rotatable movement is made possible at the lower or proximal surface of the housing of the inserter is inclined in relation to the upper surface 1 of the base part and therefore leaves room for the displacement of the housing 30, at the end of the rotational movement the lower (proximal), inclined surface of the inserter housing will normally rest against the patients skin.

FIG. 11A shows the inserter in a position before insertion. In this state the inclined lower surface is lifted away from the patient's skin. The inward hooks of the hinged part 14 are locked around the protruding part 11 B on the base part.

FIG. 11B shows the inserter after the cannula part has been inserted. In this state the inclined lower surface is parallel to the patient's skin and the inward hooks of the hinged part 14 have been released from the locked position.

FIG. 11C shows the inserter after it has been removed from the base part.

FIGS. 12A and 12B show the moving part 38 of the third embodiment of the inserter shown in FIG. 9-11. FIG. 12A shows the “back side” i.e. the side turned away from the penetrating member and FIG. 12B shows the “front side” i.e. the side turned toward the penetrating member. The figures show the protruding part 38A placed at the trailing edge of the moving part 38 having the inclined side i.e. the ramp facing forward in the direction of movement, and the figures show the transformation means 39 in the shape of a longitudinal opening formed as a V where the start position is at the upper end of the first line in the V and the end position for the penetrating member is at the upper end of the second line in the V.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a fourth embodiment of an inserter, this embodiment differs from the third embodiment by the fastening means 14 securing the inserter to the base part. The inserter 10 is in FIGS. 13 and 14 shown in an after-insertion state where it has been removed from the base part. The fourth embodiment has means to release to sets of functionally independent fastening means which are supporting each other.

Like the third embodiment the fourth embodiment of the inserter is provided with a moving part 38 (see FIGS. 15A and 15B) having a protruding member 38A being an integrated part of the moving part 38. The moving part 38 of the fourth embodiment is further provided with a second integrated part called the positioning means 27. These positioning means 27 are attached to the lower trailing edge of the moving part 38.

The fastening means of this embodiment comprises like the third embodiment of the inserter a hinged part 14 which is fastened to the housing of the inserter 10 and the hinged part 14 moves in the same way as described for the third embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10. The hinged part 14 of the fourth embodiment is also provided with two inward hooks at the lower or proximal end of the hinged part 14. The two hooks lock the housing against the base part by catching a stationary protruding part 14B of the base part having a downward or proximal contact surface. As the two hooks are turned inward they are released by being pushed outward i.e. away from the inside of the housing.

The hinged part 14 is also provided with a contact member 14A having the form of a plate placed in a direction toward the centre of the inserter i.e. “inwards” from the hinged part 14 around the guiding means 33 for the cannula part 7. When the moving part 38 moves from its start position to its end position the protruding member 38A which is placed on the trailing edge of the moving part 38 will hit the contact member 14A with the ramp surface of the protruding member 38A and the contact member 14A will be forced outward and so will the hinged part 14 as the contact member 14A is attached unreleasably and rigidly to the hinged part 14.

According to the fourth embodiment the protruding members 14PL and 14PR are positioned on a flexible member 114. The protruding members 14PL and 14PR according to this embodiment have a rectangular profile but could also have e.g. a round or triangular profile. The protruding members 14PL and 14PR fits into openings 14P and 14L of the base part close to the connector part 3. These openings correspond to the rectangular protruding members 14PL and 14PR. When the fastening means in the form of the openings 14L and 14R on the base part are engaged with the corresponding fastening means in the form of the protruding members 14PL and 14PR on the inserter 10, the inserter 10 is prevented from moving in relation to the base part, both in the direction perpendicular to the surface plate 1 and in any direction parallel to the surface plate 1.

The flexible member 114 is attached to the housing or a part being stationary in relation to the housing 30 in such a way that the flexible member can move between two positions, a first position where the inserter is locked to the base part, and a second position where the inserter is released from the base part. Both FIGS. 17A and 17B show the flexible member 114 in a relaxed locked position and an arrow in FIG. 17B indicates the direction it moves in, in order to get to the second released position. According to the shown embodiment the flexible member 114 is made as an integrated part of the guiding means 32 for the moving part i.e. the flexible member 114 constitutes a part of the surfaces or walls along which the moving part 38 slides. The flexible member 114 is provided with a contact part 115 which according to this embodiment has a triangular profile with the sharpened edge pointing forward in the direction of movement during insertion. The contact part 115 is formed with a ramp shaped surface pointing in the direction opposite of the direction of movement of the moving part 38 during insertion.

In order to bring the flexible member 114 from a first relaxed and locked position into a second and released position the flexible has to be subjected to a force large enough to be able to move the flexible member 114 to the second position.

FIGS. 14A and 14B shows the internal parts of the inserter housing 30 which provide the guiding parts for the moving part and which are not visible when the surrounding housing is in place. FIGS. 14A and 14B show identical cuts through these internal housing parts but in FIG. 14A the moving part 38 is removed in order to make the contact part 115 of the internal parts visible. The contact part 115 consists of a protruding ramped surface which will get in contact with the positioning means 27 of the moving part 38 when the moving part 38 is in its end or final position.

FIGS. 15A and 15B show the moving part 38 of the fourth embodiment of the inserter shown in FIG. 13-14. FIG. 15A shows the “back side” i.e. the side turned away from the penetrating member and FIG. 15B shows the “front side” i.e. the side turned toward the penetrating member. The figures show the protruding part 38A placed at the trailing edge of the moving part 38 having the inclined side i.e. the ramp facing forward in the direction of movement, and the figures show the transformation means 39 in the shape of a longitudinal opening formed as a V where the start position is at the upper end of the first line in the V and the end position for the penetrating member is at the upper end of the second line in the V. The end position is placed lower than the start position. At the lower edge of the moving part 38 is shown positioning means 27 which assures the positioning of the moving part 38 in relation to the housing of the inserter when sliding along the guiding means 32 provided by the surrounding parts of the inserter housing but which main function is to force the flexible member 114 of the housing “backwards” when the moving part 38 and the integrated positioning means 27 passes by.

When the positioning means 27 of the moving part 38 touch the flexible member 114, the flexible member 114 is pushed away from the connection part 3 of the base part, and the fastening means in the form of the protruding parts 14PL and 14PR are pulled out of the corresponding openings in the base part 14L and 14R. When the moving part 38 is in its end position, the integrated parts 38A and 27 will be at positions where both the hinge part 14 and the flexible member are pushed away from their relaxed and locked position which means it will be possible to remove the inserter from the base part when the moving part 38 is in its end position.

FIG. 16 shows an enlargement of a cannula part 7 used with the embodiments of FIG. 1-2. This embodiment comprises a body 24 provided with a cannula 22 and with a protruding front 25 having a flat surface provided with an opening 20. The protruding front 25 of the cannula part 7 need not be flat; it can actually have any desired shape as long as it is possible to create a corresponding surface on the connection part 3 facing the cannula part 7. In one embodiment the front 25 is inclined in such a way that the cross-section at the upper i.e. distal end of the cannula part 7 is larger than the cross-section at the proximal end of the front, i.e. the end closest to the patient after insertion. The opening 20 of the protruding front 25 is an inlet or outlet through which liquid can enter or exit the cannula part 7. The body 24 is further provided with a top opening 21 which can be covered with a self closing membrane. The opening 21 need some kind of entrance protection as it is facing an outer surface which is in contact with the surroundings. The top opening 21 is primarily used when inserting the cannula part 7 if the cannula 22 is a soft cannula. That the cannula 22 is soft means that it is made of a relatively soft material which can not by it self penetrate the patients skin, in this case it is necessary to use a pointy insertion needle of a relatively hard material when inserting the cannula and this pointy needle can be inserted through the top opening 21, pass through an inner hollow in the body 24 of the cannula part and further pass through the full length of the cannula 22 in such a way that the pointy end of the insertion needle stick out of the open end of the hollow cannula 22. After insertion i.e. after the cannula 22 has been placed sub- or transcutaneous in the patient, then the insertion needle is retracted and the cannula 22 is left inside the patient. The cannula part 7 is also provided with fastening means 23 which in this embodiment has the form of a series of outward hooks 23 which are flexibly fastened to the body 24 in such a way that the hooks can pivot inwards toward the centre of the cannula part 7. When the cannula part 7 is pressed toward the base part, the hooks 23 passes an edge which pushes them toward the centre as they passes the edge and when the hooks have passed the edge they return to their original position and as a upward surface of one or more of the hooks touch a downward surface of the edge the cannula part 7 is locked unreleasably against the edge.

FIG. 17 shows an enlargement of a second embodiment a cannula part 7. This embodiment also comprises a body 24 provided with a cannula 22 and with a protruding front 25 having a flat surface provided with an opening 20 but according to this embodiment the protruding front 25 is inclined in order to reduce the force required to insert the cannula part and in order to reduce distortion of the sealing 18. The inclination of the front 25 is defined by the angle d between the centre line c of the cannula 22 and a line parallel to the surface around the opening 20. The angle d will be larger than 0° and smaller than 90°, normally d ε]0°, 30°] depending on the diameter of the sealing 18 or [60°, 90°[. The distance d₁ between at the distal end of the surface of the protruding part 25, i.e. the end of the cannula part 7 which is furthest away from the patient after insertion, and the centre c of the cannula part 7 is larger than the distance d₂ between the surface of the protruding part 25 at the proximal end, i.e. the end closest to the patient after insertion, and the centre c of the cannula part 7. Normally the distance d₂ will be so small that the proximal end of the protruding front 25 does not touch the sealing 18 of the connection part 3 during insertion.

In one embodiment (not shown) the angle d is close to 90° i.e. d=90°, such an embodiment would in a drawing corresponding to FIG. 11 appear to have an upward opening 12 of the connection part 3 fitting to a downward opening 20 of the cannula part 7. This means that the force pushing the cannula part 7 toward the sealing 18 will be close to perpendicular to the contact surface of the sealing 18 and this will prevent that the sealing is distorted during insertion of the cannula part 7 by the cannula part 7 sliding along the sealing 18. In another embodiment (shown in FIG. 16) d=0° as the protruding front 25 and the centre line c are parallel. According to this embodiment the cannula part 7 will be in sliding contact with the protruding sealing 18 which can cause the sealing to be distorted.

As according to the embodiment of FIG. 16 the protruding front 25 of the cannula part 7 need not be flat; it can actually have any desired shape as long as it is possible to create a corresponding surface on the connection part 3 facing the cannula part 7. Also the opening 20 of the protruding front 25 can be an inlet or an outlet depending on the purpose of the cannula part 7. In FIG. 17 which is a cut-through view it is shown how the top opening 21 of the body 24 is covered with a self closing membrane 21A. As according to the embodiment of FIG. 10 the top opening 21 is primarily used when inserting the cannula part 7 if the cannula 22 is a soft cannula but the top opening 21 can also be used to inject medication or nutrients other than the primary medication which could be e.g. insulin which the patient receive via the opening 20.

This embodiment of the cannula part 7 is also provided with fastening means 23 and in this embodiment the fastening means 23 has the form of a protruding part 23 on the cannula part 7 which corresponds to a flexible part 23A on the stationary base part. The flexible part 23A can be pushed outward as indicated with an arrow at FIG. 17 when the protruding part 23 on the cannula part 7 passes during insertion of the cannula part 7. After insertion the upward surface of the protruding part 23 of the cannula part 7 will be locked by the downward surface of the flexible part 23A of the base part and it will not be possible to detach the cannula part 7 from the base part.

FIG. 18a shows another embodiment of the moving part 38 which moving part has an increased tolerance for deviations from the standard insertion depth. FIG. 18a shows the “back side” i.e. the side turned away from the penetrating member and when placed in an inserter the moving part would moved from the right to the left while the penetrating member of the inserter stays in a stationary horizontal position in which position it moves first down and then up. The figure shows the protruding part 38A placed at the trailing edge of the moving part 38, and the guiding means 39 for the transformation means placed within the boundaries of the moving part. According to this embodiment the guiding means 39 are defined by a cut-out having an outer limit encircling an open space in which the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member can move. The guiding means 39 also comprise a pivotable part 39A which part can pivot around a stem through which is fastened to the body of the movable part 38. The pivotable part 39A provides a flexible upper limit as the movable part 38 moves from the right to the left according to FIG. 18a i.e. the pivotable parts 39A swings upwards as the transformation means passes. When the pivotable part 39A has passed the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member it swings back into its resting position.

The transformation means 51 has a start position relative to the movable part 38 at position A. As the movable part 38 moves to the left, the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member arrive at position B by sliding along the upper surface of the guiding means 39, at position B the insertion needle 53 of the penetrating member touches the skin of the patient.

At position C the cannula 22 which is joined to or surrounding the insertion needle 53 touches the skin of the patient.

At position D the sealing start i.e. contact is made between the cannula part 7 and the surface plate 1, and a retention click can be heard as an information to the user that the cannula 22 is in its correct position and that the retention means 23 on the stationary base part has locked the cannula part 7 to the base part.

As the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member passes from position A to position D it slides along the lower contact surface of the pivotable part 39A. This contact surface drives the penetrating member down and it is therefore important that the surface is smooth and provides as little frictional resistance as possible.

At position E the penetrating member should be fully inserted. That the pivotable part 39A can flex allows for the insertion depth to vary slightly i.e. within the range of ±0.5 mm.

At position G the insertion needle 53 is clear of the self closing membrane 21A which might cover the top opening 21 of the cannula part 7 and at position H the insertion needle is in a safe position i.e. the insertion needle 53 is retracted relative to the housing of the inserter. Normally it will be retracted at least 1 mm relative to the housing.

As the transformation means 51 of the penetrating member passes from position E to position H it slides along the upward contact surface of the trail which forms the guiding means 39 of the moving part 38. This contact surface drives the penetrating member back up and it should be smooth and provide as little frictional resistance as possible.

FIG. 18b shows a view of the moving part 38 seen from the side. The arrows marked A indicate the side shown in FIG. 18 a.

FIGS. 19A, B and C show an embodiment of a flat spring which can be used to drive the moving part forward in any of the illustrated embodiments of the inserter. According to this embodiment a spring 45 is provided between the moving part 38 and the activation part 11. Normally the spring 45 will be in a relaxed state during storing as this will normally prolong the time the product can be stored while still being fully functional, if the spring 45 is in a biased state during storing there is a risk that the performance of the product will rapidly decrease. In this embodiment the spring 45 is a flat spring e.g. made of plastic material comprising two ends: a first end 46, attached to, or placed in connection with the moving part 38 and a second end 47 attached to, or placed in connection with the activation part 11. The second end of the spring 45 rests on a block 47 a.

The spring 45 of the illustrated embodiment stores energy from the actuation of the of the activation part 11 as the spring 45 is biased through this first movement. A characteristic feature of a flat spring is that when the spring is biased it is bending describing a curve, the presence of the block 47 a and the form of the block i.e. the length of the block 47 a ensures that the spring 45 can only bend in one direction when it is biased. The not shown housing of the inserter comprises retention means 31. The retention means 31 can have the form of a pivoting arm holding the moving part 38 in a start position by engaging with locking means 28 on the moving part 38. The locking means 28 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 19A-C has the form of protruding part with e.g. a triangular or round profile.

The deformation of the spring 45 due to biasing can be used to release the moving part 38 from the locked start position.

FIG. 19A shows the embodiment in a start position. The spring is relaxed i.e. unbiased and the retention means 31 of the housing is in a locking position. In order to begin insertion it is necessary for the user o push the actuator 11, by doing this the spring will become biased. During actuation of the activation part 11 the moving part 38 is stationary.

FIG. 19B shows the embodiment in a loaded position. The spring 45 is fully biased and in this fully biased state the spring 45 is curved to such a degree that it touches the retention means 31 of the housing and pushes them away from the locking means 28 of the moving part 38 thereby releasing the moving part 38 from the housing.

FIG. 19C shows the embodiment in a state where the moving part 38 has been moved to its end position. The actuator handle 11 is in the same position as in the fully loaded state of FIG. 19B and the retention means 31 of the housing is in an unlocking position. In this state the penetrating member which was to be inserted will be inserted subcutaneously and the next step for the user will be to remove the inserter housing from the insertion site. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An insertion device comprising a penetrating member comprising an insertion needle connected to transformation member, the penetrating member before and during insertion is attached to a body holding a cannula or sensor at a surface of insertion after insertion has taken place, a moving part comprising a first guide member, the first guide member is configured to restrict the movement of the transformation member and guide the penetrating member from a first to a second position in a first direction, the first direction is linear and towards an injection site, and a stationary housing comprising a second guide member configured to restrict the movement of the moving part, the second guide member of the housing is configured to guide the moving part in a second direction which is linear and substantially parallel to a surface on which the stationary housing is mounted during insertion, wherein the insertion device further comprises a well-defined tube that restricts the movement of the penetrating member to a linear movement in the first direction, and wherein the transformation member of the penetrating member is movable in or along the well-defined tube.
 2. An insertion device according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a retention member retaining the moving part in a start position, the moving part comprises a locking member interacting with the retention member in the start position and an activation part comprises a protrusion interacting with the locking member upon activation.
 3. An insertion device according to claim 2, wherein a base part is fastened to a mounting surface and the insertion device comprises a fastener adapted to fasten the insertion device to the base part before insertion and to release the insertion device to the base part upon insertion of the cannula.
 4. An insertion device according to claim 3, wherein the fastener comprises: fastening members releasably locking the housing of the insertion device to the base part, and release members releasing the housing from the base part after insertion of the penetrating member.
 5. An insertion device according to claim 4, wherein the fastening members are flexibly connected to the stationary housing.
 6. An insertion device according to claim 5, wherein the moving part is provided with one or more protruding parts that contact with the flexibly connected fastening members and through this contact release the insertion device from the base part.
 7. An insertion device according to claim 4, wherein the release members comprise an elastic member in a biased or distorted state which upon release of the fastening member pushes the housing of the insertion device away from the base part.
 8. An insertion device according to claim 2, wherein the locking member comprises a hook provided with an inclined surface pointing in a direction opposite to the forward movement of the activation part and the retention member of the housing comprises a part protruding from the housing and is adapted to interact with the hook.
 9. An insertion device according to claim 2, wherein the forward movement of the activation part is stopped through contact between the protrusion of the activation part and the retention member for the moving part.
 10. An insertion device according to claim 1, wherein the insertion device before insertion of the penetrating member is attached to a base part, the base part can be fastened to the surface where the penetrating member is to be inserted and the penetrating member is brought in contact with or passes through the base part upon insertion.
 11. An insertion device according to claim 10, wherein the penetrating member is attached to the body holding the cannula, the body comprising a retention member securing the body and the cannula at the surface of insertion, the retention member interacts with a connector on the base part upon insertion and retains the body of the penetrating member to the base part.
 12. An insertion device according to claim 1, wherein the first guide member of the moving part comprises a groove in which the transformation member of the penetrating member can slide.
 13. An insertion device according to claims 12, wherein the groove is substantially V-or U-shaped defining a starting point, a middle point and an end point for at least a portion of the penetrating member.
 14. An insertion device according to claim 1, wherein the insertion device comprises means to perform the following operations upon actuation of an activation part: loading of a spring; movement of the moving part from a start position to a stop position; and transformation of said movement of the moving part to an insertion movement of the penetrating member, followed by a retraction movement of a holding means of the penetrating member.
 15. An insertion device according to claim 14, further comprising a release member adapted to release the housing from a base part upon insertion of the penetrating member.
 16. An insertion device according to claim 1, where the first direction form an angle β to the surface in which the penetrating member is to be inserted, and where 30°<β<90°.
 17. An insertion device according to claim 1, wherein an energy storing member provides the energy required for moving the moving part from a start position to a stop position.
 18. An insertion device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance from the surface in which the penetrating member is inserted, is obtained by constructing the insertion device comprising an inclining proximal surface. 